As the old adage goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The
facial features that make someone attractive not only differs by
person but also gender. According to a recent study published in the journal PLOS ONE,
both men and women perceive facial symmetry as attractive in females,
but facial averageness and facial maturity also affect men’s perception
of attractiveness.
There are several anthropometric traits that
have been associated with attractiveness, especially focusing on the
face in great detail. The face is considered to be the most important
part of the body in social interactions, since facial features become
more important causes of overall attractiveness, according to a 2013 study published in the journal Psychological Science. Moreover,
from a biological perspective, facial features hold a biological signal
that informs us how healthy we are, meaning attractive faces signal
different things in men and women.
A team of researchers at the
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in Spain sought to explore the
relationship between what both men and women perceive as attractive,
along with a set of facial features. A total of 266 female undergraduate
students from the university, ages 18 to 30, were recruited to complete
the self-perceived attractiveness component of the study, while 44
heterosexual men rated the attractiveness of the participants from their
pictures. The facial traits they explored included facial fluctuating
asymmetry (Facial FA), which measures the deviation from bilateral
symmetry attributed to the participant; facial averageness, which is the
closeness of a face to the population average; facial sexual
dimorphism, which is femininity; and facial maturity, which is
youthfulness.
The
researchers evaluated the importance of these variables by using real
faces rather than employing digitally manipulated faces. The female
participants were asked to look straight into the camera with a neutral
expression, taken in black and white to reduce the effect of color
information. First, the female participants reported an estimation of
their own physical attractiveness in a 1-to-7 Likert-type scale (1 was
the lowest score and 7 the highest). Then males were asked to rate the
attractiveness of the participants from their pictures in a Likert
10-point scale, where 0 is “not attractive at all” and 10 is “extremely
attractive.”
The findings revealed facial traits independently
influence self-perceived attractiveness and male-rated attractiveness
when real faces are used. Facial FA affected both estimations of
attractiveness at a similar rate, while no other facial feature
significantly influenced self-perceived attractiveness. Men’s perception
of attractiveness was importantly affected by both facial maturity and
facial averageness. This means men prefer faces with shapes closer to
the population average who are also youthful.
“It might seem
remarkable that Facial FA shows an equivalent effect on the two direct
measurements of attractiveness, particularly considering that they are
also influenced by different facial features. This observation confirms
the importance of Facial FA in determining attractiveness,” wrote the
researchers in their paper.
Facial FA has previously been
considered a sign of attractiveness and an important factor in mating
for many species. FA has been viewed as an indicator for developmental stability, averageness for heterozygosity, and both femininity and youthfulness for fertility and health. The attraction to these features can be supported from a biological perspective when it comes to mating.
A 2013 study published in the journal Biology Letters
found the face can signal different things in both men and women when
it comes to attraction. Men found women with high levels of stress as
less attractive. The researchers were not surprised since stress can
suppress fertility, which is why both men and women unconsciously prefer
relaxed faces over stressed out ones.
Judging a book by its cover
may be superficial, but in this case, it could just be a biological
instinct to find the best mate in survival of the fittest.
Sources:
Iglesias-Julios M, Munoz-Reyes JA, Pita M et al. Facial Features: What
Women Perceive as Attractive and What Men Consider Attractive. PLoS ONE. 2015.
Farmer H, McKay R, Tsakiris M. Trust in Me: Trustworthy Others Are Seen as More Physically Similar to the Self. Psychological Science. 2013.
Social Justice Warrior don't want to be be confused by the facts because facts are not necessary when implementing Social Justice Warrior policies and programs.This Social Justice Warrior narrative is designed to cover up the falsehood of the first and second narratives. This is the way liberals work.., serving up propaganda intended to benefit Social Justice Warrior, but which in its absurdity repels people grounded in reality
Tuesday, November 1, 2016
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